Java 9 introduced several new features and enhancements, including:
- Module System: Java 9 introduced a new module system, known as the Java Platform Module System (JPMS), that allows developers to create modular applications. Modules can be used to improve application security, maintainability, and performance.
- JShell: JShell is a new interactive Java shell that allows developers to quickly prototype and test code snippets without needing to compile a full application.
- Improved Garbage Collection: Java 9 introduced several improvements to the garbage collection system, including the introduction of the Garbage-First (G1) garbage collector, which can improve performance and reduce pauses.
- HTTP/2 Client: Java 9 introduced a new HTTP/2 client API that allows developers to make HTTP requests using the HTTP/2 protocol, which can improve performance and reduce latency.
- Multi-Release JARs: Multi-Release JARs allow developers to create a single JAR file that contains different versions of the same classes, depending on the version of Java that is being used.
- Process API Updates: Java 9 introduced several updates to the Process API, including the ability to get the process ID of a running process and the ability to get information about all running processes.
- Collection Factory Methods: Java 9 introduced several new factory methods for creating immutable collections, including List, Set, and Map.
- Private Interface Methods: Java 9 introduced the ability to define private methods in interfaces, which can be used to reduce code duplication and improve code maintainability.
- Try-With-Resources Improvements: Java 9 introduced several improvements to the try-with-resources statement, including the ability to declare multiple resources in a single statement and the ability to catch exceptions thrown by the close() method.
- Stack-Walking API: Java 9 introduced a new Stack-Walking API that allows developers to walk the stack trace of a running application, which can be useful for debugging and profiling.
Overall, Java 9 introduced several new features and improvements that can improve application development and performance.